Fever: A Natural Response, Not Always an Illness

Fever is one of the most common reasons people seek advice from healthcare professionals. While a rise in body temperature can be worrying, fever is often a normal and beneficial response that helps the body to fight against infection.

Understanding what causes fever, how to manage it safely and when medical attention is necessary can help individuals make informed healthcare decisions.

Overview

Fever is generally defined as body temperature of 37.5°C and above.

Normal body temperature varies between individuals and throughout the day but is typically around 36.5°C to 37.5°C.

Fever itself is not a disease—it is usually a symptom of an underlying condition, which may or may not be an infection.

Causes

The causes of fever include:

• Viral infections such as common cold, influenza, dengue and COVID-19
• Bacterial infections such as urinary tract infection and pneumonia
• Inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis
• Reaction to vaccination

Symptoms

People with fever may experience:

• Shivering
• Sweating
• Headache
• Muscle aches
• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Dehydration

Way to Self-Manage

Most mild fever can be managed safely at home by:

Stay Well Hydrated

Drink plenty of fluids such as water, oral rehydration solutions or clear soups to replace fluids lost through sweating.

Get Adequate Rest

Allow the body time to recover by getting sufficient sleep and avoiding strenuous activities.

Dress Comfortably

Wear lightweight clothing and avoid excessive blankets unless experiencing chills.

Use Fever Medicines Appropriately

Fever can be treated by over-the-counter medications such as Paracetamol and Ibuprofen. Speak to pharmacist if you are unsure how to take the medication.

Always:

• Follow the recommended dosage.
• Not exceed the maximum daily dose.
• Consult a pharmacist or doctor if unsure.

Antibiotics should only be used when prescribed by a doctor for bacterial infection and are not effective against viral infection.

When to See a Doctor?

Seek medical assessment if fever:

• Persists for more than three days.
• Is 38°C and above even after taking over-the-counter medications.
• Is accompanied by severe headache or neck stiffness.
• Causes difficulty in breathing or chest pain.
• Is associated with confusion or persistent drowsiness.
• Occurs after recent overseas travel.
• Develops in individuals with weakened immune systems or serious chronic illnesses.

Prevention

While not all infections can be prevented, healthy habits can reduce the risk:

• Wash hands regularly.
• Stay up to date with recommended vaccinations.
• Practise good respiratory hygiene.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle with balanced nutrition, regular exercise and adequate sleep.

Key Takeaways

Fever is usually a sign that the body's immune system is responding to infection. Mild fever usually improve with adequate rest and hydration. However, persistent fever, severe symptoms or fever in vulnerable individuals requires timely medical assessment.

Making informed decisions and seeking professional advice when needed can help to ensure safe and effective management of fever.

 

References:

1.  https://www.moh.gov.sg/seeking-healthcare/getting-medical-help/conditions/fever/

2. https://www.healthhub.sg/health-conditions/fever

3. https://www.healthline.com/health/fever